Each year, the United Nations Population Fund monitors progress towards achieving the financial targets of the ICPD Programme of Action. For the first few years after the Cairo Conference, there was unfortunately very little progress to report. Indeed, between 1995 and 1999, the increase in funding for population activities was negligible. In fact, funding levels even declined slightly. We were all very concerned that the ICPD goal of $17 billion for 2000 had not been met. Both donors and developing countries fell short of the agreed targets. The international community did not mobilize the required $5.7 billion for population assistance in developing countries, and developing countries did not raise the required $11.3 billion in domestic funding for their population programmes. Since then, there was a slow, but steady upward trend in the direction of a concerted response to bridging the funding gap. By 2003, donor funding stood at $4.7 billion and domestic resources were estimated at around $11 billion.