Global attention has for some time focused on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) as an essential and cost-effective means of preventing new HIV infections in infants. Building on past progress of country-led national PMTCT programmes, there is global consensus that the world must now strive towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive. This case study identifies a number of key interventions at the policy, systems and service delivery level being undertaken in Rwanda that are enabling the country to eliminate new HIV infections and keeping mothers alive