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Ecuador
Protecting Public School Students from Sexual Violence.
Paola Guzmán Albarracín, a 16-year-old high school student in Ecuador, was repeatedly sexually abused by her school’s vice principal. When she became pregnant as a result of the abuse, he pressured her to have an abortion. Following this sexual trauma, Paola committed suicide. Though school authorities became aware that she ingested lethal white phosphorus as a suicide attempt, they did not intervene to save Paola’s life by taking her to a hospital or notifying her family.
The Ecuadorian government did not conduct a proper investigation into the vice principal’s sexual misconduct, thus failing to provide her family with justice.
Paola’s case was brought before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which determined that by failing to protect Paola, the Ecuadorian government violated her rights to life, personal integrity, private life, dignity, special protection from the state as a child, equality and nondiscrimination, education, and a life free from gender violence and discrimination. Ecuador paid monetary reparations to Paola’s family and issued a public apology acknowledging its role in failing to protect Paola and recognizing her as a victim of sexual assault in a school environment.
Paola’s case established clear human rights standards to protect public school students from sexual violence and harassment and served as an example for many other states. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights outlined legally required protocols to safeguard the rights of young people to be free from sexual violence and harassment in Latin American and Caribbean schools. These mechanisms include structural measures to address sexual violence, policies mandating sexual and reproductive education as a component of school curricula, acknowledgment of adolescent girls’ autonomy (including sexual freedom and control of their bodies), and recognition of consent as central to sexual and reproductive rights.